Published on Truthout (http://www.truth-out.org)
Israel's Deadly Tear Gas Made in USA
Ira Chernus | Saturday 15 January 2011
The Israeli peace movement is coming back to life, and it's a very courteous movement indeed. When activists find objects marked "Made in USA" lying on the ground, they deliver them directly to the US ambassador to Israel. The other night, they returned a bunch of empty tear gas canisters - all marked "Made in USA" - fired by Israeli soldiers in the West Bank. The canisters are used to break up nonviolent protests against the Israeli-built wall that is tearing Palestinian life apart.
One canister made in the USA killed Jawaher Abu Rahmah in the village of Bil'in on the last day of 2010. Another killed Abu Rahmah's brother, Bassem Abu Rahmah, in April 2009.
Apparently, the ambassador did not appreciate the courteous gesture. The police quickly arrived, broke up the action, arrested 11 people and found a way to keep them jailed on trumped-up charges.
But these canisters - and the Israeli soldiers who shoot them - don't discriminate against Palestinians. American-made tear gas canisters are used against American citizens, too.
Just a few days before Bassem Abu Rahmah was killed by a tear gas canister blow to the chest, Tristan Anderson, an American volunteer with the International Solidarity Movement (ISM), was hit in the head by the same kind of canister in the village of Nil'in. Anderson survived, but surgeons had to remove part of his brain. Another American, Emily Henochowicz, lost her eye in June 2010 when she was hit by a tear gas canister during a protest at a West Bank checkpoint.
The Israelis used two kinds of tear gas canisters on New Year's Eve, the night Jawaher Abu Rahmah died. One of the two, photographed by Popular Struggle Coordination Committee media spokesperson Joseph Dana, had the letters "CTS" stamped on it.
CTS, Combined Tactical Systems, is a brand name used by, or a subsidiary of, Combined Systems Inc. (CSI), based in Jamestown, Pennsylvania, (though, according to Dana, the American company is owned by an Israeli). There is plenty of evidence that the Israelis get tear gas from CSI. It was a CTS canister that killed Bassem Abu Rahmah.
The Israeli military also used a second type of canister, lethal high-velocity projectiles - the kind that struck Bassem Abu Rahmah and Anderson at Bil'in - although they are supposedly banned by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). The high-velocity canisters are also made by CSI. An aluminum canister like the ones made by CTS took out Henochowitz's eye.
The grenade photographed at the New Year's Eve protest appears to be what CTS has named a "Tear-Ball Grenade." Another activist who was there, Jeff Klein, was photographed holding a Tear-Ball Grenade that he says had the letters "CTS" stamped on it. The grenade spins through the air and then bounces along the ground, so no one can predict where the gas will spew out. CSI says that the Tear-Ball can be loaded with either CS (ortho-chlorobenzalmalononitrile) gas, a strong tear gas; OC (oleoresin capsicum) gas, more commonly known as pepper spray; or CN (omega-chloroacetophenone) gas, which is used in Mace.
Haaretz, Israel's most respected newspaper, reported that Jawaher was killed by CS gas: "Protester death shows IDF may be using most dangerous type of tear gas," the headline read. It's the kind of gas the Israelis usually use, the report explains, even though "there have been reports of several deaths caused by the inhalation of CS."
After Jawaher died, her cousin Hamde Abu Rahmah said, "We deal with tear gas on a regular basis, but the amount that they used and the strength was something we have not yet seen." Others at the New Year's Eve protest agreed. One protester said that the gas felt "like a million blue shards of glass tearing at your alveoli and shredding your eyes.... [E]very breath tears at your insides; vicious animals live in your lungs. I'd rather not breathe than take one more anguished, searing, charred breath. Then, you don't have a choice; you can't breathe."
Another eyewitness reported that the Israelis laid down barrages of tear gas both in front of and behind groups of protesters, trapping them, and that the gas "remained effective even when it was no longer visible in the air. You would think you had moved away from it and suddenly you couldn't breathe."
Ahmad el-Jobeh believes it was pepper spray that cost him his eyesight when he was accidentally caught up in Israeli repression of a protest in Silwan, an Arab section of Jerusalem where Jews join Palestinians regularly to protest the destruction of Arab homes and the construction of Jewish dwellings. There is no doubt that while the type of gas they contain may be unknown, some of the tear gas canisters used in Silwan are marked "Made in USA" and are clearly labeled with a warning that says aiming them at people can be lethal. What's worse, the gas in at least some of them is past its expiration date, making the canisters even more dangerous.
The IDF is trying to deny responsibility for Jawaher Abu Rahmah's death by claiming that she was not even at the protest, but there are eyewitnesses who saw her there, saw her taken away in an ambulance and can disprove virtually every piece of the IDF's concocted story. So many IDF cover-ups have been exposed in the past that it's hard to take its self-serving story seriously. The editors of Haaretz assume that the IDF version of events is not true, while some Israeli military officers dismiss suspicions of the IDF as "mere thoughts."
But the most telling fact is that the debate about the IDF story has provoked more interest in Israel than Jawaher's death itself. The dominant concern in Israel is not for the obvious evils of the occupation, but for Israel's public image.
The IDF is taking a bizarre position by telling the world to ignore the unprovoked tear gas attack, the wall that Israel's Supreme Court has ruled illegal in Bil'in, and the confiscation of Palestinian land to enlarge settlements that the whole world says are illegal, and to see Israel as totally innocent - simply because Jawaher was at home when the made-in-USA gas killed her.
Suppose she was in her home in the small village, a few hundred yards from the front of the protest. Tear gas floats through the air. Even if the Israelis could prove their claim true, the IDF's PR barrage and the focus on that one detail of the story shows a depressing moral bankruptcy.
The victims of all of these tragedies were strictly nonviolent and posed no threat to the Israeli soldiers. The centrist Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth reported that the protesters "did not provoke the soldiers" who fired the tear gas that killed Jawaher Abu Rahmah. You can see her brother Bassem's death, in chilling detail, in a video that clearly shows the Israelis shooting without any provocation.
Israeli authorities inevitably blame rock-throwing Palestinian youths for inciting violence and US mass-media journalists like The New York Times' Isabel Kershner often spin the story the same way. But eyewitnesses in every one of these cases confirm what you can see for yourself in the award-winning film "Budrus": the rock throwing doesn't start until long after the Israelis have started firing, it does no real harm to the well-armed Israelis and local leaders beg the youth to desist.
Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad has recently reaffirmed what all fair-minded observers see: Palestinians in the West Bank are now overwhelmingly committed to keeping their struggle against the occupation nonviolent. Even the conservative editors of The Wall Street Journal have recognized that Hamas is moving in the same direction in Gaza.
"We don't seek vengeance against Israel," a surviving brother of Jawaher and Bassem Abu Rahmah told Haaretz. "They are people just like myself. We want the return of our lands, and the struggle won't end until our property is restored."
As long as the Israelis occupy the West Bank, though, they don't have the option of nonviolence. A military occupation is inherently an act of violence, and it has to be maintained by violence. As Gandhi taught us, you can't support injustice with nonviolence.
The Israelis will never lack for weapons of violence, it seems. The ones they can't make themselves, they get abroad - mostly in the United States, mostly paid for by us, the US taxpayers, to the tune of at least $3 billion a year. And good old American technology is always ready to give the buyer a wide range of new, improved products to choose from.
Now, isn't there a law prohibiting the use of US military aid and equipment overseas if they would contribute to human rights violations? Hey, I'm just asking. Given a Republican majority in the House, though, it hardly matters. The GOP is even more determined than the Democrats to let the Israeli military have its way.
So, what's a citizen to do? There is a growing boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) movement aimed at Israel. But can we boycott the tear gas makers? Though these companies make an amazing variety of other products, too, all of them are used by military forces or police departments - nothing you would be likely to buy.
You might check whether your local police department is patronizing Combined Systems Inc. with your tax dollars. CSI says that it markets its "innovative line of less-lethal munitions" - less lethal than what? - "and crowd control products to domestic law enforcement agencies under its law enforcement brand name, CTS." Even the moderate Jewish peace group J Street, which has serious reservations about BDS, says it takes a positive view of targeted boycotts aimed only at the occupation.
J Street itself is more interested in putting pressure on the Obama administration to take "a bolder, more assertive approach" to the peace process. It wants the US to lean on the Israelis and the Palestinians to quickly negotiate the borders of the new Palestinian state. If the parties can't do it themselves (which seems likely), the US should present its own proposal, J Street says - an idea that's rapidly gaining a lot of support.
There is no need for peace activists to decide between supporting a targeted boycott and supporting a US peace plan, or to squabble over which approach is better. The two paths can, and should, be taken simultaneously; they reinforce each other. Israeli and American BDS supporters will keep calling attention to US complicity in the repression and killing of Palestinians. The embarrassments to the US - such as the protest at the American ambassador's home in Israel - will keep on mounting. Eventually, the Obama administration will find it impossible to let the conflict go on.
The US government has played a central role in perpetuating this injustice. The US government must take responsibility for righting the wrong and ending the killing. It's one of those happy occasions where morality and self-interest both dictate the same policy.
The US government can guide (to put it politely) the Israelis to make fundamental changes because, ultimately, Israel must bend to US wishes if the Obama administration asserts itself strongly enough. Whether that happens depends strictly on the administration's political cost-benefit calculus.
Boycotts may or may not ever make the Israelis change their policies, but they might make US companies stop dealing lethal material to Israel. And political pressure - if it's strong enough and smart enough - can make the administration change its ways.
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