Jewish persecution source:
P.E. Grosser & E.G. Halperin, Anti-Semitism: Causes and Effects, New York: Philosophical Library, 1978
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At Sinai Jews were told that there is one God, Who makes moral demands on all of humanity. Consequently, at Sinai the Jewish nation became the target for the hatred of those whose strongest drive is to liberate mankind from the shackles of conscience and morality.
At Sinai the Jewish nation was appointed to be "a light unto the nations." There are those who embrace Jews and the Jewish faith because of that light; but there are also those who want the world to be a place of spiritual darkness. They object to morality. Those would-be harbingers of darkness attack the Jews as the lightning rod for their hatred. This "call to Sinai" - the message entrusted to and borne by the Jews - ultimately transforms the world. Yet, it is this very message that draws forth the wrath of those who would give their last ounce of strength to resist it.
AFTER THE CRUSADES, expulsions of entire Jewish communities become frequent events. In 1290, all Jews are expelled from England - about 16,000 people. Communities in England are again established only in the 17th century. In 1306, Jews are also expelled from France.
Expulsions are often preceded by accusations of ritual murder and anti-Jewish riots. Taking advantage of these anti-Jewish sentiments, local rulers, town magistrates or merchants use the opportunity to rid themselves of Jewish moneylenders they owe money to, or of unwanted competition. Just as Jews are admitted to towns to promote trade or provide credit, expulsions are mostly grounded in economic interests as well. (CONT)
Jewish Persecution | Timeline of Judaism | History of AntiSemitism
| DATE | PLACE | EVENT |
| 250 C.E. | Carthage | Expulsion |
| 224 C.E. | Italy | Forced Conversion |
| 325 C.E. | Jerusalem | Expulsion |
| 351 C.E | Persia | Book Burning |
| 357 C.E. | Italy | Property Confiscation |
| 379 C.E. | Milan | Synagogue Burning |
| 415 C.E. | Alexandria | Expulsion |
| 418 C.E. | Minorca | Forced Conversion |
| 469 C.E. | Ipahan | Holocaust |
| 489 C.E. | Antioch | Synagogue Burning |
| 506 C.E. | Daphne | Synagogue Burning |
| 519 C.E. | Ravenna | Synagogue Burning |
| 554 C.E. | Diocese of Clement (France) | Expulsion |
| 561 C.E. | Diocese of Uzes (France) | Expulsion |
| 582 C.E | Merovingia | Forced Conversion |
| 612 C.E. | Visigoth Spain | Expulsion |
| 628 C.E. | Byzantium | Forced Conversion |
| 629 C.E. | Merovingia | Forced Conversion |
| 633 C.E. | Toledo | Forced Conversion |
| 638 C.E. | Toledo | Stake Burnings |
| 642 C.E. | Visigothic Empire | Expulsion |
| 653 C.E. | Toledo | Expulsion |
| 681 C.E. | Spain | Forced Conversion |
| 693 C.E. | Toledo | Jews Enslaved |
| 722 C.E. | Byzantium | Judaism Outlawed |
| 855 C.E. | Italy | Expulsion |
| 876 C.E. | Sens | Expulsion |
| 897 C.E. | Narbonne | Land Confiscation |
| 945 C.E. | Venice | Ban on Sea Travel |
| 1009 C.E. | Orleans | Massacre |
| 1012 C.E. | Rouen, Limoges & Rome | Massacre |
| 1012 C.E. | Mayence | Expulsion |
| 1021 C.E. | Rome | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1063 C.E. | Spain | Massacre |
| 1095 C.E. | Lorraine | Massacre |
| 1096 C.E. | Northern France & Germany | 1/3 of Jewish Population Massacred |
| 1096 C.E. | Hungary | Massacre |
| 1096 C.E. | Ralisbon | Massacre |
| 1099 C.E. | Jerusalem | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1100 C.E. | Kiev | Pogrom |
| 1140 C.E. | Germany | Massacres |
| 1146 C.E. | Rhine Valley | Massacre |
| 1147 C.E. | Wurzburg | Massacre |
| 1147 C.E. | Belitz (Germany) | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1147 C.E. | Carenton, Ramenu & Sully (France) | Massacres |
| 1171 C.E. | Blois | Stake Burnings |
| 1181 C.E. | France | Expulsion |
| 1181 C.E. | England | Property Confiscation |
| 1188 C.E. | London & York | Mob Attacks |
| 1190 C.E. | Norfolk | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1191 C.E. | Bray (France) | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1195 C.E. | France | Property Confiscation |
| 1209 C.E. | Beziers | Massacre |
| 1212 C.E. | Spain | Rioting and blood bath against the Jews of Toledo. |
| 1215 C.E. | Rome | Lateran Council of Rome decrees that Jews must wear the "badge of shame" in all Christian countries. Jews are denied all public sector employment, and are burdened with extra taxes. |
| 1215 C.E. | Toulouse (France) | Mass Arrests |
| 1218 C.E. | England | Jews Forced to Wear Badges |
| 1231 C.E. | Rome | Inquisition Established |
| 1236 C.E. | France | Forced Conversion/Massacre |
| 1239 C.E. | London | Massacre & Property Confiscation |
| 1240 C.E. | Austria | Property confiscation. Jews either imprisoned, converted, expelled, or burned. |
| 1240 C.E. | France | Talmud Confiscated |
| 1240 C.E. | England | Book Burning |
| 1240 C.E. | Spain | Forced Conversion |
| 1242 C.E. | Paris | Talmud Burned |
| 1244 C.E. | Oxford | Mob Attacks |
| 1255 C.E. | England | Blood libel in Lincoln results in the burning / torture of many Jews & public hangings. |
| 1261 C.E. | Canterbury | Mob Attacks |
| 1262 C.E. | London | Mob Attacks |
| 1264 C.E. | London | Mob Attacks |
| 1264 C.E. | Germany | Council of Vienna declares that all Jews must wear a "pointed dunce cap." Thousands murdered. |
| 1267 C.E. | Vienna | Jews Forced to Wear Horned Hats |
| 1270 C.E. | Weissenberg, Magdeburg, Arnstadt, Coblenz, Singzig, and Erfurt | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1270 C.E. | England | The libel of the "counterfeit coins" - all Jewish men, women and children in England imprisoned. Hundreds are hung. |
| 1276 C.E. | Bavaria | Expulsion |
| 1278 C.E. | Genoa (Spain) | Mob Attacks |
| 1279 C.E. | Hungary & Poland | The Council of Offon denies Jews the right to all civic positions. The Jews of Hungary & Poland are forced to wear the "red badge of shame." |
| 1283 C.E. | Mayence & Bacharach | Mob Attacks |
| 1285 C.E. | Munich | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1290 C.E. | England | King Edward I issues an edict banishing all Jews from England. Many drowned. |
| 1291 C.E. | France | The Jewish refugees from England are promptly expelled from France. |
| 1292 C.E. | Italy | Forced conversions & expulsion of the Italian Jewish community. |
| 1298 C.E. | Germany | The libel of the "Desecrated Host" is perpetrated against the Jews of Germany. Approximately 150 Jewish communities undergo forced conversion. |
| 1298 C.E. | Franconia, Bavaria & Austria | Reindfel's Decree is propagated against the Jews of Franconia and Bavarai. Riots against these Jewish communities, as well as those in Austria, result in the massacre of 100,000 Jews over a six-month period. |
| 1306 C.E. | France | Expulsion |
| 1308 C.E. | Strasbourg | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1320 C.E. | Toulouse & Perpigon | 120 Communities Massacred & Talmud Burned |
| 1321 C.E. | Teruel | Public Executions |
| 1328 C.E. | Estella | 5,000 Jews Slaughtered |
| 1348 C.E. | France & Spain | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1348 C.E. | Switzerland | Expulsion |
| 1349 C.E. | Worms, Strasbourg, Oppenheim, Mayence, Erfurt, Bavaria & Swabia | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1349 C.E. | Heilbronn (Germany) | Expulsion |
| 1349 C.E. | Hungary | Expulsion |
| 1354 C.E. | Castile (Spain) | 12,000 Jews Slaughtered |
| 1368 C.E. | Toledo | 8,000 Jews Slaughtered |
| 1370 C.E. | Majorca., Penignon & Barcelona | Mob Attack |
| 1377 C.E. | Huesca (Spain) | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1380 C.E. | Paris | Mob Attack |
| 1384 C.E. | Nordlingen | Mass Murder |
| 1388 C.E. | Strasbourg | Expulsion |
| 1389 C.E. | Prague | Mass Slaughter & Book Burning |
| 1391 C.E. | Castille, Toledo, Madrid, Seville, Cordova, Cuenca & Barcelona | Forced Conversions & Mass Murder |
| 1394 C.E. | Germany | Expulsion |
| 1394 C.E. | France | Expulsion |
| 1399 C.E. | Posen (Poland) | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1400 C.E. | Prague | Stake Burnings |
| 1407 C.E. | Cracow | Mob Attack |
| 1415 C.E. | Rome | Talmud Confiscated |
| 1422 C.E. | Austria | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1422 C.E. | Austria | Expulsion |
| 1424 C.E. | Fribourg & Zurich | Expulsion |
| 1426 C.E. | Cologne | Expulsion |
| 1431 C.E. | Southern Germany | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1432 C.E. | Savory | Expulsion |
| 1438 C.E. | Mainz | Expulsion |
| 1439 C.E. | Augsburg | Expulsion |
| 1449 C.E. | Toledo | Public Torture &. Burnings |
| 1456 C.E. | Bavaria | Expulsion |
| 1453 C.E. | Franconia | Expulsion |
| 1453 C.E. | Breslau | Expulsion |
| 1454 C.E. | Wurzburg | Expulsion |
| 1463 C.E. | Cracow | Mob Attack |
| 1473 C.E. | Andalusia | Mob Attack |
| 1480 C.E. | Venice | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1481 C.E. | Seville | Stake Burnings |
| 1484 C.E. | Cuidad Real, Guadalupe, Saragossa & Teruel | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1485 C.E. | Vincenza (Italy) | Expulsion |
| 1486 C.E. | Toledo | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1488 C.E. | Toledo | Stake Burnings |
| 1490 C.E. | Toledo | Public Executions |
| 1491 C.E. | Astorga | Public Torture & Execution |
| 1492 C.E. | Spain | Expulsion |
| 1495 C.E. | Lithuania | Expulsion |
| 1497 C.E. | Portugal | Expulsion |
| 1499 C.E. | Germany | Expulsion |
| 1506 C.E. | Lisbon | Mob Attack |
| 1510 C.E. | Berlin | Public Torture & Execution |
| 1514 C.E. | Strasbourg | Expulsion |
| 1519 C.E. | Regensburg | Expulsion |
| 1539 C.E. | Cracow & Portugal | Stake Burnings |
| 1540 C.E. | Naples | Expulsion |
| 1542 C.E. | Bohemia | Expulsion |
| 1550 C.E. | Genoa | Expulsion |
| 1551 C.E. | Bavaria | Expulsion |
| 1555 C.E. | Pesaro | Expulsion |
| 1556 C.E. | Sokhachev (Poland) | Public Torture & Execution |
| 1559 C.E. | Austria | Expulsion |
| 1561 C.E. | Prague | Expulsion |
| 1567 C.E. | Wurzburg | Expulsion |
| 1569 C.E. | Papal States | Expulsion |
| 1571 C.E. | Brandenburg | Expulsion |
| 1582 C.E. | Netherlands | Expulsion |
| 1593 C.E. | Brunswick | Expulsion |
| 1597 C.E. | Cremona, Pavia & Lodi | Expulsion |
| 1614 C.E. | Frankfort | Expulsion |
| 1615 C.E. | Worms | Expulsion |
| 1619 C.E. | Kiev | Expulsion |
| 1635 C.E. | Vilna | Mob Attack |
| 1637 C.E. | Cracow | Public Torture & Execution |
| 1647 C.E. | Lisbon | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1648 C.E. | Poland | 1/3 of Jewry Slaughtered |
| 1649 C.E. | Ukraine | Expulsion |
| 1649 C.E. | Hamburg | Expulsion |
| 1652 C.E. | Lisbon | Stake Burnings |
| 1654 C.E. | Little Russia | Expulsion |
| 1656 C.E. | Lithuania | Expulsion |
| 1660 C.E. | Seville | Jews Burned Alive |
| 1663 C.E | Cracow | Public Torture &. Execution |
| 1664 C.E. | Lemberg | Mob Attack |
| 1669 C.E. | Oran (North Africa) | Expulsion |
| 1670 C.E. | Vienna | Expulsion |
| 1671 C.E. | Minsk | Mob Attacks |
| 1681 C.E. | Vilna | Mob Attacks |
| 1682 C.E. | Cracow | Mob Attacks |
| 1687 C.E. | Posen | Mob Attacks |
| 1712 C.E. | Sandomir | Expulsion |
| 1727 C.E. | Russia | Expulsion |
| 1738 C.E. | Wurtemburg | Expulsion |
| 1740 C.E. | Liule Russia | Expulsion |
| 1744 C.E | Bohemia | Expulsion |
| 1744 C.E. | Livonia | Expulsion |
| 1745 C.E. | Moravia | Expulsion |
| 1753 C.E. | Kovad (Lithuania) | Expulsion |
| 1757 C.E. | Kamenetz | Talmud Burning |
| 1761 C.E. | Bordeaux | Expulsion |
| 1768 C.E. | Kiev | 3,000 Jews Slaughtered |
| 1772 C.E. | Russia | Expulsion |
| 1775 C.E. | Warsaw | Expulsion |
| 1789 C.E. | Alsace | Expulsion |
| 1801 C.E. | Bucharest | Mob Attack |
| 1804 C.E. | Russian Villages | Expulsion |
| 1808 C.E. | Russian Countryside | Expulsion |
| 1815 C.E. | Lubeck & Bremen | Expulsion |
| 1820 C.E. | Bremes | Expulsion |
| 1843 C.E. | Austria & Prussia | Expulsion |
| 1850 C.E. | New York City | 500 People, Led by Police, Attacked & Wrecked Jewish Synagogue |
| 1862 C.E. | Area under General Grant's Jurisdiction in the United States | Expulsion |
| 1866 C.E | Galatz (Romania) | Expulsion |
| 1871 C.E. | Odena | Mob Attack |
| 1887 C.E. | Slovakia | Mob Attacks |
| 1897 C.E. | Kantakuzenka (Russia) | Mob Attacks |
| 1898 C.E. | Rennes (France) | Mob Attack |
| 1899 C.E. | Nicholayev | Mob Attack |
| 1900 C.E. | Konitz (Prussia) | Mob Attack |
| 1902 C.E. | Poland | Widespread Pogroms |
| 1904 C.E. | Manchuria, Kiev & Volhynia | Widespread Pogroms |
| 1905 C.E. | Zhitomir (Yolhynia) | Mob Attacks |
| 1919 C.E | Bavaria | Expulsion |
| 1915 C.E. | Georgia (U.S.A.) | Leo Frank Lynched |
| 1919 C.E. | Prague | Wide Spread Pogroms |
| 1920 C.E. | Munich & Breslau | Mob Attacks |
| 1922 C.E. | Boston, MA | Lawrence Lowell, President of Harvard, calls for Quota Restrictions on Jewish Admission |
| 1926 C.E. | Uzbekistan | Pogrom |
| 1928 C.E. | Hungary | Widespread Anti-Semitic Riots on University Campuses |
| 1929 C.E. | Lemberg (Poland) | Mob Attacks |
| 1930 C.E. | Berlin | Mob Attack |
| 1933 C.E. | Bucharest | Mob Attacks |
| 1938-45 C.E. | Europe | Holocaust |
Peace.
Michael Santomauro
Editorial Director
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