German Mass Grave in Croatia Sheds New Light On Close of World War Two
DPA
Croatian police have completed the exhumation of remains from mass grave in a Zagreb suburb, on one of more than 200 known sites where thousands of Germans, both soldiers and civilians, were buried in the closing days of the Second World War. Yugoslav communist partisans carried out executions across the country as the Nazi regime crumbled and fell in 1945. So far the Croatian interior ministry has compiled a list of the sites more than 200 German mass graves. Yet just a handful of the sites have so far been investigated. One was discovered two years ago at Harmica, where an estimated 5,000 soldiers of the German Wehrmacht were shot and buried, including 500 officers.
The Destruction of Ethnic Germans and German PoWs in Yugoslavia
Tomislav Sunic
... The treatment of civilian ethnic Germans -- or Volksdeutsche -- in Yugoslavia may be regarded as a classic case of "ethnic cleansing" on a grand scale ... In addition to the "ethnic cleansing" of Danube German civilians and soldiers, some 70,000 Germans who had served in regular Wehrmacht forces perished in Yugoslav captivity ... The total number of German losses in Yugoslav captivity after the end of the war -- including ethnic "Danube German" civilians and soldiers, as well as "Reich" Germans -- may therefore be conservatively estimated at 120,000 killed, starved, worked to death, or missing.
Simon Wiesenthal and the Ethics of History
Deborah Lipstadt -- Jewish Review of Books
... Wiesenthal's account of his experiences during the years of the Holocaust is clearly fabricated ... Wiesenthal's claims about tracking war criminals in the post-war years are likewise riddled with exaggerations, if not outright falsehoods ... Over the years, Wiesenthal repeatedly announced that he knew precisely where Mengele was. Most of these pronouncements, it seems, were mere guesses designed to win media attention. Simon Wiesenthal: Fraudulent `Nazi Hunter'
Mark Weber
... Wiesenthal's reputation as a moral authority is undeserved. The man whom The Washington Post has called the "Holocaust's Avenging Angel" has a little known but well-documented record of reckless disregard for truth. He has lied about his own wartime experiences, misrepresented his postwar "Nazi-hunting" achievements, and has spread vile falsehoods about alleged German atrocities.
Most US States Show Poor Grades on History Standards
Education Week
A majority of states received failing or near-failing grades on the quality of their standards for teaching history in K-12 schools, according to the latest review from the Washington-based Thomas B. Fordham Institute. In "The State of State U.S. History Standards 2011," the research and advocacy group says the average grade across all states was barely a D. The majority -- 28 states -- received scores of D or lower and only one state, South Carolina, earned a straight-A score ... The ratings come at a time when schools are allotting less time to history instruction, according to figures released by the National Center for Education Statistics, and some states do not require testing in that subject.
Israeli Diplomat Quits, Says Israel's Foreign Policy is Wrong
Ynet News (Israel)
A veteran diplomat says he has resigned from his post because he had a hard time defending the policies of Israel's current government, Yedioth Ahronoth reported Wednesday. Ilan Baruch says he quit because "Israel's foreign policy is wrong," pointing to the Palestinian issue. Should this trend continue, he warned, Israel will turn into a pariah state and face growing de-legitimization. Baruch told Israel TV Wednesday that Israel's standing was in danger because of its policies, which he said were "difficult to explain." Israel, The Bomb and Openness
Micah Zenko -- Los Angeles Times
It's time for Israel to come out of the closet. After five decades of maintaining a nuclear weapons program without acknowledging its existence, Israel should proactively announce and provide information about its nuclear weapons status. Though Israel's bombs have long been an open secret, unprecedented international scrutiny in coming years will make this "nuclear opacity" increasingly untenable. Hungarians Honor World War II Defenders of Budapest
Hungarian Ambiance
Defying a ban by authorities, patriotic Hungarians honor German and Hungarian troops who heroically defended Budapest against Soviet forces during World War II. The rally makes the anniversary of the last, desperate attempt in February 1945 to break out of the encircled capital city, rather than surrender to Soviet forces. The commemoration meeting was held on private property in Újpest, in spite of police harassment.
German and Hungarian Forces Defend Budapest
Video (1945)
In Hungary, German and Hungarian troops fight furiously against massive Soviet assault forces. Many tanks are engaged in the large-scale combat. Civilians, including women, help in the defense of Budapest. From the German weekly newsreel, "Deutsche Wochenschau," of Feb. 10, 1945. With English subtitles. Runtime: 2:44 mins. SPLC Reports Rise Of `Hate' Groups: But What Is `Hate'?
The Christian Science Monitor
Even as the Southern Poverty Law Center points out that the number of US hate groups has topped 1,000 for the first time, the civil rights organization is receiving flak from critics on the right who say an overbroad definition of "hate" vilifies innocent people and stifles vigorous debate about issues critical to America's future ... Neo-Nazi-like hate groups grew by nearly ten percent since 2009, to 1002; anti-immigration vigilante groups grew by trhee percent, to 319; and antigovernment "Patriot" groups -- defined as "conspiracy-minded organizations that see the federal government as their primary enemy" -- grew by 60 percent, to 824. The Southern Poverty Law Center: Profiting From Defamation
The Social Contract (Michigan)
This special issue of The Social Contract journal provides detailed, devastating analysis of the influential and misnamed "Southern Poverty Law Center." Contributors to this special issue review the sordid record and hidden agenda of this highly profitable engine of defamation.
In Berlin, Canadian Tourist Arrested For Giving `Heil Hitler' Salute
The Telegraph (Britain)
A tourist who thought it was amusing to have himself photographed outside the Reichstag in Berlin giving the Heil Hitler! salute has been arrested. The 30-year-old Canadian was standing on the steps of the German parliament building with his right arm raised as his girlfriend, 29, photographed him in the forbidden pose. Police arrived within seconds, handcuffed him and took the memory card of the camera ... Any gestures of the old Nazi regime, or the displaying of any of its symbols, is a s serious crime in modern-day Germany. Three years ago a British businessman at Cologne airport gave the salute to a car hire official - and was arrested immediately.
Modern Art Was CIA 'Weapon'
The Independent (Britain) - 1995
For decades in art circles it was either a rumour or a joke, but now it is confirmed as a fact. The Central Intelligence Agency used American modern art - including the works of such artists as Jackson Pollock, Robert Motherwell, Willem de Kooning and Mark Rothko - as a weapon in the Cold War. In the manner of a Renaissance prince - except that it acted secretly - the CIA fostered and promoted American Abstract Expressionist painting around the world for more than 20 years. Galliano To Face Criminal Trial in Paris Over Anti-Jewish Remarks
The Associated Press
Paris prosecutors on Wednesday ordered John Galliano to stand trial over alleged racial insults ... The trial could take place between April and June, and Galliano could face up to six months in prison and euro 22,500 ($31,000) in fines if convicted, the prosecutors office said in a statement. Capping a five-day whirlwind of scandal around the designer, the prosecutors said he will face allegations of "public insults based on the origin, religious affiliation, race or ethnicity" against three people. The news came shortly after the talented 50-year-old designer apologized for his behavior after top-tier house Christian Dior sacked him as creative director over anti-Semitic remarks.
Defector Admits To WMD Lies That Triggered Iraq War
The Guardian ( Britain )
The defector who convinced the White House that Iraq had a secret biological weapons programme has admitted for the first time that he lied about his story, then watched in shock as it was used to justify the war. Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi, codenamed Curveball by German and American intelligence officials who dealt with his claims, has told the Guardian that he fabricated tales of mobile bioweapons trucks and clandestine factories in an attempt to bring down the Saddam Hussein regime, from which he had fled in 1995. Dresden Divided Over Blame for WWII Bombing
Stephen Evan -- BBC News
Sixty-six years after the bombing of Dresden - one of the most controversial allied operations of World War II which killed around 25,000 civilians - a debate about who was to blame for the conflict still rages ... On one side in this contest over the past are the far-left, dressed very much like the far-right, all in black but waving the English flag - the Cross of St George - to symbolise I suppose their siding with Britain. On the other extreme, the neo-Nazi march, with its Elgar ... Germans as perpetrators, certainly, but Germans as victims? That is a locution with which not everyone is easy - Germans as victims too. Past and present can confuse in Dresden . US Vetoes UN Security Council Resolution on Israeli Settlements
AFP
The United States has vetoed an Arab-sponsored UN resolution branding Israeli settlements illegal, prompting angry Palestinians to vow to re-evaluate the entire Middle East peace process ... The resolution, sponsored by 130 countries, reaffirmed "that the Israeli settlements established in the Palestinian Territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, are illegal and constitute a major obstacle to the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace."... Fourteen of the 15 Security Council members voted in favor of the resolution but the US veto effectively killed the move. ... The United States has traditionally used its veto power in the Security Council, a body Israel deems as deeply biased, to shield the Jewish state from censure. US Isolated in UN Debate Over Resolution on Illegal Israeli Settlements
Phyllis Bennis
... The U.S. vetoed the resolution - the vote was 14 to 1, with no abstentions. On this issue once again, the U.S. stood absolutely isolated. And ironically, that was a victory too. Britain , Russia , Brazil and others spoke after the vote, expressing stronger than usual support for the anti-settlement resolution and referencing ( Britain most strongly) their recognition of a Palestinian state that may be declared in September. The unity of these countries shows the limits of U.S. control over the "peace process" and may lead to a far greater level of international engagement.
The Veto and the Case for Impeaching President Obama
Alan Hart
Never before has an American President's fear of offending the Zionist lobby and its stooges in Congress been so exposed as it was by Obama's decision to veto the Security Council resolution condemning continued, illegal Israeli settlement activities on the occupied West Bank and demanding that Israel "immediately and completely cease" all such activities. In a different America - an informed America - some might think, I do, that Obama should be impeached. The charge? TREASON.
U.S. Veto: Speaking With Forked-Tongue
Jim Miles
... This can only be read as that the duplicity, lies, and dishonesty are consistent traits of all U.S. administrations. And even though Obama campaigned on "hope" and "change", and then made a sort of wonderfully conciliatory speech in Cairo (and the world knows what is happening their and elsewhere in the Arab world) he too has accepted as part of his worldview that speaking with a forked tongue works well in the world of U.S. diplomacy ... The U.S. plays loose and fancy with democracy, and again recent events in Egypt, Tunisia, Bahrain, and Yemen among others demonstrates the lie of the U.S. rhetoric on democracy (with U.S. puppet regime of Saudi Arabia remaining silent).
Federal, State and Local Debt Hits Post-WWII levels
The Washington Post
The daunting tower of national, state and local debt in the United States will reach a level this year unmatched just after World War II and already exceeds the size of the entire economy, according to government estimates. But any similarity between 1946 and now ends there. The U.S. debt levels tumbled in the years after World War II, but today they are still climbing and even deep cuts in spending won't completely change that for several years.
The Civil War Concentration Camps
Mark Weber -- Institute for Historical Review
No aspect of the American Civil War left behind a greater legacy of bitterness and acrimony than the treatment of prisoners of war. " Andersonville " still conjures up images of horror unmatched in American History. And although Northern partisans still invoke the infamous Southern camp to defame the Confederacy, the Union had its share of equally horrific camps. Prison camps on both sides produced scenes of wretched, disease-ridden and emaciated prisoners as repulsive as any to come out of the Second World War.
Update On Germar Rudolf, Revisionist and Recent Political Prisoner
Germar Rudolf
... Since my Mexican tourist visa waiver will expire end of February, I have to leave the country. I will temporarily live with friends in Central America . Should there be no silver lining at the horizon by the end of April/early May, I will return to Europe . Since I am prohibited to be a spouse to my wife and a father to my daughter, I will at least be a father to the children from my first marriage by temporarily returning to Germany . Historic Hitler-Mannerheim Meeting in Finland
Deutsche Wochenschau -- Video
After a visit to the Eastern front in occupied Soviet territory, Hitler flies to Finland for a historic meeting on June 4, 1942, with Finland's great commander, Marshal Mannerheim, on his 75th birthday, and with Finnish president Ryti. Excerpt from the weekly German wartime newsreel, "Deutsche Wochenschau." With English subtitles. Runtime: 5:37 minutes. Will Multiculturalism End Europe ?
Patrick J. Buchanan
... From Moscow to Marseilles , from Stockholm to Sicily , they see the Muslims pouring in and creating tiny nations within the nation, and being unwilling to embrace a new identity as Englishmen, French or German. And their fears are not unjustified ... Some 5 million to 8 million Arabs and Muslims are in France, their birth rate is higher, and more are on the way. The real questions: Whose idea was it to bring these people in? And what do France , Britain and Germany do if they say: This is a democracy, we will live as we wish to live, according to our beliefs, not yours. How does a liberal, permissive society that celebrates diversity impose its values on a militant immigrant minority that rejects them? Answer: It doesn't. All the rest is chatter.
Living History
John Toland -- Institute for Historical Review
I've been called everything from an extreme liberal to an ultra-conservative. I am neither. I have been labeled a "Nazi" because of my numerous interviews with Hitler's adjutants, secretaries, doctors, and military leaders, both SS and Wehrmacht ... I have tried to approach history as a non-partisan, ignoring nationality and ideology, and to portray the horrors of war through the sufferings of ordinary people as well as in the imaginations of the mighty. Throughout it all, I have tried to present living history, human history, with subjective objectivity, in my obsessive search for reality. Jews in 1930s Soviet Union
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - From Chapter of `Two Hundred Years Together'
... Thus the Soviet Jews obtained a weighty share of state, industrial, and economic power at all levels of government in the USSR ... It can't be denied that History elevated many Soviet Jews into the ranks of the arbiters of the fate of all Russians ... From the astonishing disclosure in 1990 we learned that the famous mobile gas chambers were invented, as it turns out, not by Hitler during the World War II, but in the Soviet NKVD in 1937 by Isai Davidovich Berg, the head of the administrative and maintenance section of the NKVD of Moscow Oblast (sure, he was not alone in that enterprise, but he organized the whole business). The End of the Legends: Solzhenitsyn's Look at Russian-Jewish History
Wolfgang Strauss
It may be said without hesitation that Alexander Solzhenitsyn's Two Hundred Years Together. The Jews in the Soviet Union is one of the most important books on the Russian Revolution and the early Bolshevik period ever to appear. After publication of this work with its many revelations about the role of the Jews during the Leninist period, the history of the Bolshevik October putsch will have to be rewritten, if not completely, then with substantial additions. The book title might have been even more appropriately called "The End of the Legends."
California Cities Top Most Miserable List
Reuters
If the saying "as goes California, so goes the nation" still rings true, then Americans are facing a depressing future, according to a list of the country's most miserable cities. Ravaged by falling house prices, high unemployment, a massive budget deficit, rampant crime and high state taxes, California filled four of the top five spots in the Forbes list of unhappy urban areas. Stockton, in the state's Central Valley, topped the list, followed by Miami, in Florida, Merced, Modesto and Sacramento -- all in California.
US Seeks Permanent Military Bases in Afghanistan, Karzai Confirms
AFP
Afghan President Hamid Karzai said Tuesday that he was in talks with the United States about the possible establishment of permanent US military bases in his war-ravaged country. "From the statements made by US officials, US senators to the media and from what they have told us, yes, they have this desire," he said. "This is an issue that we're in talks with them about." But Karzai insisted that Afghanistan would have the final say on whether such bases would be allowed. In January, influential US senator Lindsey Graham reportedly suggested permanent US bases in Afghanistan. At that time, Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said the issue had not been discussed with the United States.
The Taliban in Pakistan: We've Got a Bigger Problem Now
VBS - CNN
In a recent trip to Pakistan to report on the recent spike in the region's violence and bloodshed, I heard over and over the same sentiment from people on the ground; America's war on terror is falling flat on its face. The military conflict in neighboring Afghanistan, repeatedly cited by locals, sends a constant flood of guns, refugees, militants and heroin into Pakistan ... He emphasized that much of the resulting anti-Western sentiment in the country is because of anger directed at American foreign policy ... More precisely, I was told they are reacting to decades of interventionist and not-so-covert flip-flopping American policy dating back to the Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan administrations.
Egyptians Favor Democracy And Stoning For Adultery, New Poll Shows
Reuters
Egyptians reject radical Islamists, but want Islam to play a large role in politics and think democracy is the best political system, according to poll data collected in Muslim countries last year. The sample group of 1,000 was surveyed in face-to-face interviews in April and May of last year for the U.S.-based Pew Research Center. These results give an idea of Egyptian public opinion before the current protests there broke out ... 95%: Say it's good that Islam plays a large role in politics ... 82%: Believe adulterers should be stoned, 84%: Believe apostates from Islam should face the death penalty.
Among Nation's Youngest, Analysis Finds Fewer Whites
The New York Times
Whites continued to decline as a share of the American population in 2009, and they now represent less than half of all three-year-olds, according to a Brookings Institution analysis of census data released Monday. The country's young population is more diverse than ever, with whites now in the minority in nursery schools, preschools and kindergartens in eight states -- Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas -- and the District of Columbia, according to William H. Frey, a demographer at Brookings. That was up from six states in 2000.
The Middle East Does Not Need Stability
Gideon Levy -- Haaretz (Israel)
... Egypt also suddenly dared to "disturb the peace." Its people, who have had enough of the country's corrupt government and the tyrannical silencing of their voices, have taken to the streets. Riots. The Western world, including Israel, has tensed in the face of this great danger - the stability in the Middle East is about to be undermined. Indeed, that stability should be undermined. The stability in the region, something which Westerners and Israeli have come to yearn, merely means perpetuating the status quo. That situation might be good for Israel and the West, but it is very bad for the millions of people who have had to pay the price. Republican Presidential Candidates Seek Jewish Backing In Israel
Los Angeles Times
Though the U.S. presidential primaries are still a year from now, a different sort of contest is underway in Israel. Beginning Saturday, Mississippi Gov. Haley Barbour will be the third potential GOP presidential candidate to visit the Jewish state since the first of the year, and the second during the protests in neighboring Egypt. Barbour will arrive on the heels of Mike Huckabee, who spent much of the week touring the country, and Mitt Romney, who swung through in January. And like Romney and Huckabee, Barbour is expected to meet with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and tour some holy sites. Jewish Group Praises Catholics For Removing `Holocaust' From Bible
JTA
A Holocaust survivors' organization praised the Catholic Church for changing a new English translation of the Bible to eliminate the word "holocaust." A statement by Elan Steinberg, vice president of the American Gathering of Holocaust Survivors and their Descendants, issued Monday responsed to the deletion of "holocaust," with a small h, and its replacement by "burnt offerings" in The New American Bible Revised Edition to be released on March 9.
Jewish Leaders Slam Memorial Day for Expelled Germans
JTA
Jewish leaders and political groups in Germany condemned a proposed national day of remembrance for the twelve million ethnic Germans expelled from Eastern Europe after World War II. The proposal was to be heard in parliament Thursday. Stephan Kramer, general secretary of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, told reporters that "One could almost call [the proposal] a kind of retaliation" against remembrance of the victims of German war crimes ... Opposition political leaders and a group of historians have condemned the proposal as revisionist and avoiding German guilt. Kramer said such a memorial day could have a "catastrophic effect" on Germany's image abroad. British Historian Details Mass Killings and Brutal Mistreatment of Germans at the End of World War Two
Mark Weber
Germany's defeat in May 1945, and the end of World War II in Europe, did not bring an end to death and suffering for the vanquished German people. Instead the victorious Allies ushered in a horrible new era that, in many ways, was worse than the destruction wrought by war. In a sobering and courageous new book, After the Reich: The Brutal History of Allied Occupation, British historian Giles MacDonogh details how the ruined and prostrate Reich (including Austria) was systematically raped and robbed, and how many Germans who survived the war were either killed in cold blood or deliberately left to die of disease, cold, malnutrition or starvation. An Unknown Holocaust: Mass Killing, `Ethnic Cleansing' and Brutal Mistreatment of Germans by the Victorious Allies
Mark Weber -- Worldwatch (Audio MP3 file)
Weber reviews the little-known story of misery and death imposed by the victors on defeated Germany in the aftermath of World War II. The Allied powers imposed an "unknown holocaust" of destruction, looting, starvation, rape, "ethnic cleansing," and mass killing. More than 14 million Germans were expelled or forced to flee from eastern and central Europe. Some three million Germans died needlessly -- about two million civilians, mostly women, children and elderly, and one million prisoners of war. Weber also highlights the Allied double standard in putting German leaders to death for policies that the Allies themselves were carrying out, sometimes on a far greater scale.
In Austria, Jews Seek Ban of `Anti-Semitic' Turkish Film
DPA
The Jewish Community in Vienna pressed charges Tuesday against cinema operators and a distributor on Tuesday, alleging that a Turkish film, Valley of the Wolves - Palestine, was anti-Semitic. Politicians and Jewish groups in Austria and Germany had criticized the action film ahead of its release on Thursday, which coincided with Holocaust Memorial Day. The film was guilty of incitement to religious hatred and insulting religious faiths, because it uses anti-Semitic stereotype, the Jewish Community's Secretary General Raimund Fastenbauer alleged.
Third Reich 3D Films From 1936 Discovered
The Guardian (Britain)
Films depicting bratwursts on a barbecue and contemporary film stars thought to show Nazis beat Hollywood to 3D by 16 years. James Cameron and his team of minions may have produced the high watermark for three dimensional ltechnology in the 21st century, but it seems the Nazis got there first. The Australian film-maker Philippe Mora says he had discovered two 30-minute 3D films shot by propagandists for the Third Reich in 1936, a full 16 years before the format first became briefly popular in the US ... Mora believes the existence of the 35mm Nazi films confirms the Germans were decades ahead.
Ideology vs. the National Interest
Patrick J. Buchanan
... In our Civil War, Abraham Lincoln made himself a dictator, closing newspapers, suspending habeas corpus, and locking up editors and legislators. Woodrow Wilson went to war to "to make the world safe for democracy" alongside five of the most rapacious empires on earth: the British, French, Russian, Italian and Japanese. During World War II, our ally that did most of the fighting and dying was the Soviet Union of Joseph Stalin ... If the advancement of our democratic ideals imperils what the U.S. government says are our vital interests, is there not something fundamentally wrong with our Middle East policy? The Blood of Dresden
Kurt Vonnegut
... In February 1945, American bombers reduced this treasure to crushed stone and embers; disembowelled her with high explosives and cremated her with incendiaries ... It is with some regret that I here besmirch the nobility of our airmen, but, boys, you killed an appalling lot of women and children. The shelter I have described and innumerable others like it were filled with them. We had to exhume their bodies and carry them to mass funeral pyres in the parks, so I know ... The "Get Tough America" policy, the spirit of revenge, the approbation of all destruction and killing, have earned us a name for obscene brutality. The Dresden Holocaust
David Irving - Focal Point Publications
Perspective, background and commentary on the Allied fire-bombing of Dresden, February 1945, compiled by British historian David Irving. Evidence that the death toll was much larger than the now "official" figure of about 25,000.
Apocalypse at Dresden
R. H. S. Crossman -- Esquire magazine (1963)
The long suppressed story of the worst massacre in the history of the world [the Feb. 1945 destruction of Dresden] / If the British Commonwealth and the United States last a thousand years, men may say that this was their darkest hour. Were all the crimes against humanity committed during World War II the work of Hitler's underlings? That was certainly the impression created by the fact that only Germans were brought to trial at Nuremburg ... What is less widely recognized ... is that the Western democracies were responsible for the most senseless single act of mass murder committed in the whole course of World War II. Abraham Lincoln Sought To Deport Slaves to British Colonies
Daily Mail (Britain)
Abraham Lincoln's reputation as the great champion of America's slaves has taken a battering amid new evidence that the revered president wanted to send many of them to toil in British colonies in the Caribbean. Academics Phillip Magness and Sebastian Page claim that documents uncovered in British archives show that Lincoln was rather less enamoured by the prospect of a racially-united America than is often assumed. ... According to evidence from the British legation in Washington that has turned up at the National Archives in Kew, the president was deadly serious about black colonisation right up until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln Sought to Deport Freed Slaves
The Washington Times
The Great Emancipator was almost the Great Colonizer: Newly released documents show that to a greater degree than historians had previously known, President Lincoln laid the groundwork to ship freed slaves overseas to help prevent racial strife in the U.S. Just after he issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, Lincoln authorized plans to pursue a freedmen's settlement in present-day Belize and another in Guyana, both colonial possessions of Great Britain at the time ...
Abraham Lincoln and the Issue of Race
Robert Morgan - Institute for Historical Review
Many Americans think of Abraham Lincoln, above all, as the president who freed the slaves. Immortalized as the "Great Emancipator," he is widely regarded as a champion of black freedom who supported social equality of the races, and who fought the American Civil War to free the slaves. While it is true that Lincoln regarded slavery as an evil and harmful institution, it also true, as this paper will show, that he shared the conviction of most Americans of his time, and of many prominent statesmen before and after him, that blacks could not be assimilated into white society. He rejected the notion of social equality of the races, and held to the view that blacks should be resettled abroad.
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